Studies and measurements on cavity beam position monitors for novel electron linacs

Beam Position Monitors (BPM) are the most frequent non-intercepting diagnostics used at nearly all Linacs, cyclotrons and synchrotrons. Their main purpose is to measure the position of the center of mass of the beam. There are many types of BPMs, which have different design, developed by taking into accounts the beam characteristics and the level of accuracy and resolution wanted. One of the most recent types, which is now used world-wide, is the Cavity Beam Position Monitor (cBPM). The latter became popular mainly because they can achieve the highest measurement resolution of all types of BPMs (up to tens of nanometers) even for low charge beams. Moreover, they can also be used to give information on the beam charge. The trade-off is that the mechanical design is complex and that high frequency read-out electronics is typically needed, which could increase the overall cost of the system. This dissertation is focused mainly on Cavity Beam Position Monitors and their application on novel electron LINACS. The research performed is particularly focused on the resolution of such devices and it also takes into consideration the read-out electronics, that for many aspects is the most critical part of the system. The techniques used to measure the resolution are explained, as well as all the experiments performed both in laboratory and in presence of beams

Relative Motion Equations in the local-vertical local-Horizon Frame for Rendezvous in lunar Orbits

In this paper, a set of equations for relative motion description in lunar orbits is presented. The local-vertical local-horizon frame is selected to describe the relative dynamics of a chaser approaching a target in lunar orbit, allowing the development of relative guidance and navigation systems for rendezvous and docking. The model considers the Earth and Moon gravitational influence on the two spacecraft, which are assumed to have negligible masses. The proposed equations are intended for the study of rendezvous missions with a future cis-lunar space station, whose development is currently investigated by several space agencies as the next step for space exploration

Distributed Cooperative Deployment of Heterogeneous Autonomous Agents: A Pareto Suboptimal Approach

The paper presents a distributed cooperative control law for autonomous deployment of a team of heterogeneous agents. Deployment problems deal with the coordination of groups of agents in order to cover one or more assigned areas of the operational space. In particular, we consider a team composed by agents with different dynamics, sensing capabilities, and resources available for the deployment. Sensing heterogeneity is addressed by means of the descriptor function framework, an abstraction that provides a set of mathematical tools for describing both agent sensing capabilities and the desired deployment. A distributed cooperative control law is then formally derived nding a suboptimal solution of a cooperative dierential game, where the agents are interested in achieving the requested deployment, while optimizing the resources usage according to their dynamics. The control law eectiveness is proven by theoretical arguments, and supported by numerical simulations

Nonlinear Control of Relative Motion in Space using Extended Linearization Technique

Relative guidance algorithms for space applications were identified by NASA as an enabling technology for future missions development. Whenever two or more space vehicles must coordinate their motion or a terminal rendezvous has to be performed, a robust control of the relative motion occurring between the two objects is requested. Control must guarantee operation safety and minimize fuel consumption, since refuelling operations are currently too expensive. In this thesis, the extend linearization technique was adopted to design pseudo-optimal and robust control laws for nonlinear equations of relative motion. Typical perturbations of low Earth orbits were considered, in order to understand the feasibility of the developed controllers. Simulations were performed using data from real missions

Swarm Obstacle and Collision Avoidance using Descriptor Functions

The descriptor function framework is used as tool for the control management of a swarm of dynamic agents. In this framework, a provision is made for obstacle and collision avoidance, thus improving the potential of the methodology from previous results. Obstacle and collision avoidance terms are added to the overall mission performance index, and the resulting control law moves the agents along obstacle and collision free trajectories. The analytical derivation is validated via numerical simulations

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Measurements with the ELI-NP cavity Beam Position Monitor Read-out Electronics at FLASH

The Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics Gamma Beam System (ELI-NP GBS) will be installed and commissioned starting within the next year in Magurele, Romania. It will generate gamma beam through Compton back-scattering of a recirculated laser and a multi-bunch electron beam, produced by a 720 MeV LINAC. In order to obtain bunch by bunch position measurements, four cavity beam position monitors (cBPM) near the two interaction points are foreseen. Extensive tests on the cBPM readout electronics, recently developed by Instrumentation Technologies and acquired for ELI-NP GBS, were performed in laboratory at INFN-LNF and at FLASH in DESY, during the user operation. In the latter case, three cBPMs installed along the LINAC, with similar features as the ones of ELI-NP GBS, were used as measuring devices and signal sources for the read-out electronics under test. We present here the measurements collected and the related analysis, with a particular focus on the beam position measurement resolution

Male vs.female differences in responding to Oxygen-Ozone Autohemotherapy (O2-O3-AHT) in patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)

(1) Background: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a syndrome that has fatigue as its major symptom. Evidence suggests that ozone is able to relieve ME/CFS-related fatigue in affected patients. (2) Objective: To evaluate whether differences exist between males and females in ozone therapy outputs in ME/CFS. (3) Methods: In total, 200 patients previously diagnosed with ME/CFS (mean age 33 ± 13 SD years) underwent treatment with oxygen-ozone autohemotherapy (O2-O3-AHT). Fatigue was investigated via an FSS 7-scoring questionnaire before and following 1 month after treatment. (4) Results: The Mann-Whitney test (MW test) assessed the significance of this difference (H = 13.8041, p = 0.0002), and female patients showed better outcomes than males. This difference was particularly striking in the youngest age cohort (14-29 years), and a KW test resulted in H = 7.1609, p = 0.007 for the Δ = 28.3% (males = 3.8, females = 5.3). (5) Conclusions: When treated with O2-O3-AHT, females respond better than males

Optical issues for the diagnostic stations for the ELI-NP compton gamma source

A high brightness electron Linac is being built in the Compton Gamma Source at the ELI Nuclear Physics facility in Romania. To achieve the design luminosity, a train of 32 bunches, 16 ns spaced, with a nominal charge of 250 pC will collide with the laser beam in the interaction point. Electron beam spot size is measured with optical transition radiation (OTR) profile monitors. In order to measure the beam properties, the optical radiation detecting system must have the necessary accuracy and resolution. This paper deals with the studies of different optic configurations to achieve the magnification, resolution and accuracy in order to measure very small beam (below 30 μm) or to study the angular distribution of the OTR and therefore the energy of the beam. Several configurations of the optical detection line will be studied both with simulation tools (e.g. Zemax) and experimentally. The paper will deal also with the sensibility of optic system (in terms of depth of field, magnification and resolution) to systematic error